Lower extremity ultrasound-guided interventions: tendon, ligament, and plantar fascia.

Lower extremity tendinopathy and soft tissue injury are common clinical problems that can cause significant disability. Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive treatments using orthobiologics and image-guided percutaneous treatments continue to gain relevance with an ever-growing body of literature. We review the indications, technique, risks, and benefits according to the literature of common ultrasound-guided interventions utilized in the lower extremities.

Safety of local anesthetics in cervical nerve root injections: a narrative review.

Severe neurological adverse events have been reported after fluoroscopically guided cervical nerve root injections. Particulate corticosteroids inadvertently injected intraarterially and iatrogenic vertebral artery trauma have been implicated in these outcomes. This has raised concern for the potential consequences of including local anesthetic with these injections. As a result, some providers have now discontinued the routine administration of local anesthetic with corticosteroid when performing cervical nerve root injections. At present, there is no consensus regarding whether the use of local anesthetic in this context is safe. Here, the current literature is synthesized into a narrative review aiming to clarify current perspectives of the safety of local anesthetics in cervical nerve root injections.

Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Citrobacter koseri in a Patient With Spina Bifida, an Ileal Conduit and Renal Caluli Progressing to Peri-nephric Abscess and Empyema.

Urological problems are common in spina bifida and are often treated with urinary diversions. Spina bifida and ileal conduits put patients at increased risk for ascending urinary tract infections. Here we present a novel case of a Citrobacter koseri urinary tract infection complicated by a perinephric abscess with pleural extension. To our knowledge, no case of an ascending C. koseri UTI progressing to peri-nephric abscess and empyema by direct extension exists in the literature.